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Battle Creek is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan, in northwest Calhoun County, at the confluence of the Kalamazoo and Battle Creek Rivers. It is the principal city of the Battle Creek, Michigan Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), which encompasses all of Calhoun county. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 52,347, while the MSA population was 136,146. Battle Creek, also known as the "Cereal City," is the world headquarters of Kellogg Company, founded by Will Keith Kellogg in 1906, whose brother, Dr. John Harvey Kellogg, invented cold breakfast cereal as an alternative to the traditional meat-based breakfast. It is also the founding location of Post Cereals which is now Post Foods, as well as the location of a Ralston Foods cereal factory owned by Ralcorp. Until 2007 it was the home of tourist attraction Kellogg's Cereal City USA. Dr. John Harvey Kellogg, director of the Battle Creek Sanitarium, was featured in the T.C. Boyle novel ''The Road to Wellville'' and the movie of the same name. The Battle Creek Sanitarium, which is now the Battle Creek Federal Center building, is still one of the tallest buildings in Battle Creek. This building is a historical marker to the city and the state of Michigan. In 1982, voters approved merging Battle Creek Township with the city of Battle Creek, under pressure from Kellogg Company, which threatened to move its headquarters away from Battle Creek if the city and township did not merge.〔Audette, Rose Marie ("Kellogg's Delivers Ultimatum to Battle Creek" ), ''The Multinational Monitor'', November 1982, Vol. 3.11〕〔(History - 1891 to the Present ), Battle Creek Fire Department〕 Battle Creek is currently the third-largest city in Michigan by area, after Detroit and Grand Rapids.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Battle Creek )〕 ==History and name origin== The name "Battle Creek" had its origin in a skirmish between a government land survey party led by Colonel John Mullett and two Native Americans. According to various accounts, while Mullett and his group were surveying an area several miles from the present city in the winter of 1823-1824, the work of the survey party was interrupted by Native Americans. Two members of the party, who remained at the camp, were attacked by two Indians, reportedly attempting to steal the party's provisions. During the fight, shots were fired from a rifle, and the two men subdued the Indians, inflicting a serious injury to one of them. The survey party promptly left the area and did not return until June 1824, after Governor Cass had settled the issue with the Indians. Due to this incident, the nearby stream was called the Battle Creek River.〔(History of Battle Creek Township and City ) Calhoun County MIGenWen (Michigan Genealogy on the Web), accessed 2008-01-25〕〔(Battle Creek history page )〕〔(A Thumbnail History of Battle Creek and Calhoun County, Michigan ), Willard Library. Accessed 2005-01-25〕 The river was formerly known by the Native American name of Waupakisco, to which some attribute a folk etymology for the name. By this account, the name ''Waupakisco'' or ''Waupokisco'' was a reference to an earlier battle fought between Native American tribes before the arrival of white settlers. However, Virgil J. Vogel establishes that this native term had "nothing to do with blood or battle".〔 The first permanent settlements in Battle Creek Township began to be made about 1831, with most choosing to locate on the Goguac prairie, which was fertile and easily cultivated. A post office was opened in Battle Creek in 1832 under Postmaster Pollodore Hudson.〔(History and Direction of Calhoun County ) Accessed 2011-01-20〕 The first school was taught in a small log house about 1833 or 1834. Asa Langley built the first sawmill in 1837. A brick manufacturing plant, called the oldest enterprise in the township, was established in 1840 by Simon Carr, and operated until 1903. The township was established by act of the legislature in 1839.〔Ringes, Laura (1913). ("Battle Creek Township" ). In Washington Gardner, ''History of Calhoun County, Michigan'', Vol. I, pp. 169-73. The Lewis Publishing Company.〕 Battle Creek figured prominently in the early history of the worldwide Seventh-day Adventist Church as the location of its first hospital, college, and location of the church's founding convention in 1863. During the Civil War era, the city was a major stop on the Underground Railroad. It was also the chosen home of Sojourner Truth.〔Heritage Battle Creek website, http://www.heritagebattlecreek.org/ Accessed 8/29/2013〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Battle Creek, Michigan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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